ccl4 levels  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Nature communications

Article Title: Asthma reduces glioma formation by T cell decorin-mediated inhibition of microglia.

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27455-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Asthma reduces T cell induction of Ccl5 in microglia. a Schematic representation of the mouse Nf1OPG neuron-immune-cancer cell axis in the setting of asthma. b No difference in optic nerve Mdk RNA expression was observed between OVA- (n = 3) or HDM- (n = 3) treated mice and controls (n = 6). Bar graphs represent the means ± SEM of independent biological samples. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction. c Ccl4 levels are similarly induced with increasing midkine concentrations (0–100 ng/ml) in CD3+ T cells from OVA- and PBS-treated mice. Data are presented as the means ± SEM of n = 3 independent biological samples. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. d, e Similarly increased CD8+, relative to CD4+, T cell content was detected in the optic nerves of Nf1OPG mice treated with PBS (n = 8), OVA (n = 8) or HDM (n = 8). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Activated T cell medium from (f) OVA- (n = 4) and g HDM- (n = 4) treated mice induced lower levels of microglial Ccl5 relative to PBS-treated Nf1OPG mice. Two-tailed Student’s t test. Similar reductions of Ccl5 expression were observed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from (h) OVA- (n = 3) and (i) HDM- (n = 3) treated mice relative to PBS-treated controls (n = 3). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. d Scale bars, 40 µm. From left to right in each panel: b ns; c ns; ns; ns; ns; e P < 0.0001, P = 0.0022, P = 0.0011; f P = 0.0008; g P = 0.0015; h P = 0.0186, P = 0.0054; i P = 0.0224, P = 0.0007.

Article Snippet: Recombinant mouse midkine (R&D Systems, 9760-MD-050) was added, and Ccl4 levels were quantitated by ELISA (R&D Systems, MMB00).

Techniques: RNA Expression, Two Tailed Test, Expressing

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Ex Vivo Mitochondrial Respiration Parallels Biochemical Response to Ibrutinib in CLL Cells

doi: 10.3390/cancers13020354

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ibrutinib has similar effects on mitochondrial respiration profiles, CCL3 and 4, β-2 M, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling and caspase-3 cleavage in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients independent of dose. The effect of ibrutinib treatment on basal respiration ( A ), maximal respiration ( B ), spare respiratory capacity ( C ), and respiratory control ratio ( D ) in primary CLL cells from patients pre-treatment and on ibrutinib treatment with low (blue) or standard (grey) dose. N = 14 for low dose and N = 5 for standard dose of ibrutinib. Values are mean ± S.D. **** p < 0.0001 (paired two-tailed Student’s t -test). The reduction of mitochondrial respiration parameters with low and standard dose of ibrutinib treatment is summarized for basal respiration ( E ) and maximal respiration ( F ) in freshly isolated CLL cells. N = 14 for low dose and N = 5 for standard dose of ibrutinib. Values are mean ± S.D. *** p < 0.0005, NS: non-significant (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t -test). In parallel, there is a reduction of chemokine ligands CCL3 ( G ) and CCL4 ( H ) in ibrutinib treated CLL patient plasma samples by dose. Decreased levels of β-2 M and LDH in ibrutinib treated patients compared to pre-treatment ( I , K ) and the decrease of β-2 M or LDH was similar to low or standard dose ibrutinib CLL patients ( J , L ). Demonstration of effects on pBTK, tBTK ( M ), and caspase-3 cleavage ( N ) are independent of dose. OCR: Oxygen consumption rate; resp: Respiratory; IB: Ibrutinib; TX: Treatment; Uncl. caspase-3: Uncleaved caspase-3; Cl. caspase-3: Cleaved caspase-3.

Article Snippet: Plasma CCL3 and CCL4 levels were measured pre and post treatment where matched plasma was available (Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, MD [ , ].

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test, Isolation, Clinical Proteomics